Butan-1-ol
Butan-1-ol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H10O.
- Formula
- C4H10O
- Functional group
- Primary alcohols
- Molar mass
- 74.12 g/mol
- Also known as
- 1-butanol, n-butanol, Butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, Propylcarbinol, 1-hydroxybutane
Overview
Butan-1-ol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H10O.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C4H10O
- Functional group
- Primary alcohols
- Molar mass
- 74.12 g/mol
- Also known as
- 1-butanol, n-butanol, Butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, Propylcarbinol, 1-hydroxybutane
Chemical identifiers
- SMILES
- CCCCO
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C4H10O/c1-2-3-4-5/h5H,2-4H2,1H3
- PubChem CID
- 263
Properties
- Melting Point
- -88.6 °C
- Boiling Point
- 117.6 °C
- Relative density (water = 1)
- Relative density (water = 1): 0.81
- Water solubility
- In water, 68 g/L at 25 °C
Related compounds
- Alcohols
Butan-1-ol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H10O.
- Primary alcohols
Butan-1-ol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H10O.
Connected reactions
- Controlled oxidation: Butan-1-ol → Butanal
Oxidation removes hydrogen from the O-H bond and the OH-bearing carbon to form C=O. Separating butanal as it forms limits its further oxidation.
- Carbonyl reduction: Butanal → Butan-1-ol
Hydride adds to the aldehyde carbon and the carbonyl oxygen becomes an alkoxide. Protonation completes the return to butan-1-ol.
- Esterification: Butan-1-ol → Butyl acetate
The alcohol oxygen attacks an activated ethanoic-acid carbonyl. The four-carbon chain remains on oxygen while the two-carbon acetate fragment supplies the carbonyl.
- Acid hydrolysis: Butyl acetate → Butan-1-ol
Hydrolysis breaks the acyl-to-oxygen connection after water addition and proton transfer. The original butyl group stays attached to oxygen and leaves as butan-1-ol.
References
- PubChem Compound Summary: Butan-1-ol (CID 263)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Butan-1-ol — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/263#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-78
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Butan-1-ol — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/263#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-78
- ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): Butan-1-ol — densityILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/263#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Butan-1-ol — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/263#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan, Jain, P. Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2010, p. 128