Reduction
Nitroarenes are reduced to aromatic amines using tin and hydrochloric acid followed by alkali.
- Reagents
- Sn and concentrated HCl, then NaOH
- Conditions
- heat under reflux, then neutralise
- Reaction class
- reduction
- Equation
- C6H5NO2 + 6[H] -> C6H5NH2 + 2 H2O
Overview
Nitroarenes are reduced to aromatic amines using tin and hydrochloric acid followed by alkali.
Transformation
- Equation
- C6H5NO2 + 6[H] -> C6H5NH2 + 2 H2O
- Reagents
- Sn and concentrated HCl, then NaOH
- Environment
- heat under reflux, then neutralise
- Reaction class
- reduction
- Mechanism
- nitro group reduction
- Evidence level
- textbook core
Scope and limitations
- Scope
- Nitroarenes are reduced under tin and hydrochloric acid conditions; alkali releases the free amine from its salt.
- Limitations
- The route records the net transformation and work-up rather than individual reduction intermediates.
Related reactions
- Nitration: Benzene → Nitroarenes
Benzene is nitrated by concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids to form nitrobenzene.
References
- Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Chemistry specificationPearson Education Limited · Pearson qualifications · 2024
Supports the textbook-core organic reaction routes used for displayed route and mechanism content.