苯甲醛
一种芳香醛，可氧化为苯甲酸。
- 化学式
- C7H6O
- 官能团
- 醛
- 摩尔质量
- 106.12 g/mol
- Also known as
- Benzoic aldehyde, Phenylmethanal, Benzenecarbonal, Benzenecarboxaldehyde, Benzenemethylal, Benzaldehyde FFC
概览
The CHO group is attached directly to a benzene ring. Oxidation changes that aldehyde group into a carboxyl group while retaining the ring in the usual transformation. The aldehyde carbon bears a hydrogen, distinguishing it from aromatic ketones such as acetophenone.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C7H6O
- 官能团
- 醛
- 摩尔质量
- 106.12 g/mol
- Also known as
- Benzoic aldehyde, Phenylmethanal, Benzenecarbonal, Benzenecarboxaldehyde, Benzenemethylal, Benzaldehyde FFC
化学标识符
- SMILES
- C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C7H6O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-6H
- PubChem CID
- 240
性质
- 熔点
- -57.12 °C
- 沸点
- 178.7 °C
- 相对密度（水 = 1）
- Relative density (water = 1): 1.05
- 水中溶解度
- In water, 6950 mg/L at 25 °C
Diagnostic tests
托伦试剂醛类试验
- 试剂
- 新鲜配制的托伦试剂
- 条件
- 在水浴中温和加热，并使各相充分接触。
- Positive observation
- 在适宜的试验条件下生成金属银。
- Negative observation
- 普通非还原性酮对照不形成银沉积。
- Interpretation
- 醛基在碱性试剂中被氧化，生成苯甲酸根。
- 适用范围
- 苯甲醛的醛基预期呈阳性。
- 来源说明
- 相间接触影响反应时间；此试验检测官能团。
- 证据
- established functional-group chemistry
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Carbonyl reduction: Benzaldehyde → Benzyl alcohol
氢负离子进攻醛基碳，C=O 的 π 电子移向氧。醇盐质子化后得到苯甲醇；此过程不形成新的碳碳键，也不还原芳环。
- Aldehyde oxidation: Benzaldehyde → Benzoic acid
水与醛可逆加成，形成可继续氧化的水合物。醛基碳成为羧基碳；酸性后处理使先形成的苯甲酸根转化为苯甲酸。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Benzaldehyde (CID 240)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Oxidation of aldehydes and ketonesJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023
Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Benzaldehyde — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/240#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-34
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Benzaldehyde — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/240#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-24
- ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): Benzaldehyde — densityILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/240#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Benzaldehyde — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/240#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan, Jain, P. Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2010, p. 367
- The silver mirror test with Tollens’ reagentRoyal Society of Chemistry · RSC Education
Source-supported qualitative reference observations.