碘代烷
碘代烷可用于取代、消去及格氏试剂制备路线。
- 官能团
- C-I
- Also known as
- alkyl iodides, alkyl iodide, iodoalkane, organic iodide, haloalkane
概览
Alkyl iodides with a C-I bond.
Iodoalkanes are tracked as a reference-scheme haloalkane branch with preparation routes from alcohols or alkenes and downstream substitution, elimination and organomagnesium formation routes.
Identifiers
- 官能团
- C-I
- Also known as
- alkyl iodides, alkyl iodide, iodoalkane, organic iodide, haloalkane
性质
- 反应位点
- C-I
- 路径的适用边界
- 制备与后续反应分支
Diagnostic tests
硝酸银水解试验
- 试剂
- 硝酸银水溶液与乙醇的混合液
- 条件
- 在水浴中温热
- Positive observation
- 迅速生成黄色 AgI 沉淀
- Negative observation
- 不生成卤化银沉淀
- Interpretation
- 沉淀颜色表明存在碘离子，形成所需时间反映 C-I 键水解较快。
- 适用范围
- 用于对比氯代烷、溴代烷和碘代烷的试验。
- 来源说明
- 应在相同溶剂和温度下，比较结构相近的化合物。样品中原有的卤化物盐也能与银离子形成沉淀；卤代芳烃和卤代烯烃不遵循普通卤代烷的水解规律。
- 证据
- 教材核心内容
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Iodination: Alcohols → Iodoalkanes
在碘和红磷的作用下，醇转化为碘代烷。
- Hydroiodination: Alkenes → Iodoalkanes
碘化氢在烯烃双键两端加成，可生成碘代烷。
- Cyanation: Iodoalkanes → Nitriles
氰根取代生成腈，使碳链增加一个碳原子。
- Amination: Iodoalkanes → Amines
氨取代碘，形成伯胺；过量氨可限制进一步烷基化。
- Hydrolysis: Iodoalkanes → Alcohols
氢氧根可取代 C-I 中的碘，形成醇。
- Elimination: Iodoalkanes → Alkenes
碱促进的消去反应脱去 HI，生成烯烃。
- Grignard formation: Iodoalkanes → Grignard reagents
碘代烷可在无水乙醚中与镁反应，形成格氏试剂。
参考文献
- Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Chemistry specificationPearson Education Limited · Pearson qualifications · 2024
Supports the textbook-core organic reaction routes used for displayed route and mechanism content.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Iodomethane (CID 6328)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Iodoethane (CID 6340)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.