甲醛
甲醛与格氏试剂加成，再经酸性后处理，可生成伯醇。
- 化学式
- CH2O
- 官能团
- HCHO
- 摩尔质量
- 30.026 g/mol
- Also known as
- formaldehyde, HCHO
概览
The aldehyde that gives primary alcohols with Grignard reagents.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- CH2O
- 官能团
- HCHO
- 摩尔质量
- 30.026 g/mol
- Also known as
- formaldehyde, HCHO
化学标识符
- SMILES
- C=O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2
- PubChem CID
- 712
性质
- 熔点
- -92 °C
- 沸点
- -19.5 °C
- 密度
- 0.815 g/cu cm at -20 °C
- 水中溶解度
- Miscible with water at 25 °C
Related compounds
- 醛
Methanal is the simplest molecule-level member of the aldehyde family.
Connected reactions
- Grignard addition co reactant: Methanal → Primary alcohols
甲醛与格氏试剂反应，经酸性后处理得到伯醇。
- Catalytic oxidation: Methanol → Methanal
从甲醇移去氢可形成羰基，同时保留其唯一的碳。在该催化氧化总反应中，氧接受被移去的氢，形成水。
- Carbonyl reduction: Methanal → Methanol
氢负离子加成形成新的 C-H 键，并使 C=O 的 π 键转化为醇盐结构。随后质子化生成甲醇，不引入额外碳原子。
- Aldehyde oxidation: Methanal → Methanoic acid
通过水合羰基的氧化，将醛转化为羧酸。碳原子数仍为一个，但还可能进一步氧化。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary for FormaldehydeNational Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem · 2026
Used for stable identifiers and basic compound metadata.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Methanal — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/712#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-278
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Methanal — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/712#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-278
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Methanal — densityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/712#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-278
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Methanal — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/712#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Abatjoglou AG, Miller DJ; Aldehydes. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2014). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: Jul 15, 2011.