丙醛
一种三碳醛，可联系氧化与羰基加成反应。
- 化学式
- C3H6O
- 官能团
- 醛
- 摩尔质量
- 58.08 g/mol
- Also known as
- Propionaldehyde, Propanaldehyde, Propylaldehyde, Propaldehyde, Methylacetaldehyde, n-Propanal
概览
The terminal CHO group is oxidised to propanoic acid, or propanoate in alkaline conditions. Its carbonyl carbon bears a hydrogen, unlike that of isomeric propanone. This structural difference underlies the contrasting response to mild aldehyde oxidation tests.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C3H6O
- 官能团
- 醛
- 摩尔质量
- 58.08 g/mol
- Also known as
- Propionaldehyde, Propanaldehyde, Propylaldehyde, Propaldehyde, Methylacetaldehyde, n-Propanal
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CCC=O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-2-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3
- PubChem CID
- 527
性质
- 熔点
- -80 °C
- 沸点
- 48 °C
- 密度
- 0.8657 g/cu cm at 25 °C
- 水中溶解度
- In water, 3.06X10+5 mg/L at 25 °C
Diagnostic tests
托伦试剂醛类试验
- 试剂
- 新鲜配制的托伦试剂
- 条件
- 按参考方法在水浴中温和加热。
- Positive observation
- 形成银沉积或银镜。
- Negative observation
- 试剂空白不形成银沉积。
- Interpretation
- 银(I)被还原，同时丙醛氧化为丙酸根。
- 适用范围
- 预期丙醛呈阳性。
- 来源说明
- 其他还原性化合物也会反应。应按实验室要求立即处置，不要储存反应混合物。
- 证据
- reference experiment
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Oxidation: Propanal → Propanoic acid
丙醛氧化为丙酸。
- Partial oxidation: Propan-1-ol → Propanal
1-丙醇氧化为丙醛。
- Reduction: Propanal → Propan-1-ol
丙醛还原为 1-丙醇。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Propanal (CID 527)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Oxidation of aldehydes and ketonesJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023
Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propanal — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/527#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-414
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propanal — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/527#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-440
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propanal — densityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/527#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Lide, D.R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 88TH Edition 2007-2008. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL 2007, p. 3-440
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propanal — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/527#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger, Sakano T.K. Techniques of Chemistry 4th ed., Volume II. Organic Solvents. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons., 1985., p. 329
- The silver mirror test with Tollens’ reagentRoyal Society of Chemistry · RSC Education
Source-supported qualitative reference observations.