季铵化合物
季铵基团可通过胺的烷基化引入，广泛用于接触型抗菌聚合物与涂层研究。
- 官能团
- R4N+
- Also known as
- QAC, quats, quaternary ammonium salts
概览
Permanently charged ammonium species used in antimicrobial and ion-exchange materials.
The key materials feature is the permanent cationic charge. When immobilized on a polymer or surface, quaternary ammonium groups can produce contact-active antimicrobial surfaces without relying only on leaching biocides.
Identifiers
- 官能团
- R4N+
- Also known as
- QAC, quats, quaternary ammonium salts
化学标识符
- SMILES
- C[N+](C)(C)C
性质
- 电荷类型
- 永久带正电的离子
- 在材料中的作用
- 抗菌及离子交换材料中的固定阳离子位点
应用
Quaternary ammonium antibacterial polymer coating
A chloroalkane-to-amine route can feed quaternary ammonium functionality, which is then immobilized on polymers or surfaces for contact-active antibacterial behavior.
- Industry
- Biomedical coatings
- 示例
- Covalently attached quaternary ammonium surfaces have been reported as contact-active antibacterial materials.
Quaternary ammonium ion-exchange material
Fixed ammonium groups can create cationic sites that bind anions or support membrane transport.
- Industry
- Water treatment
- 示例
- Chloromethylated polymers can be aminated to introduce quaternary ammonium sites in ion-exchange materials.
Connected reactions
- Alkylation: Amines → Quaternary ammonium compounds
胺可进一步烷基化，形成永久带正电的季铵基团，用于抗菌与离子交换材料。
- Surface immobilization: Quaternary ammonium compounds → Antibacterial coatings
固定在表面的季铵基团被研究用于接触型抗菌涂层。
- Charged polymer network: Quaternary ammonium compounds → Ion-exchange materials
季铵基团可在离子交换树脂和膜中形成固定的阳离子位点。
参考文献
- Antimicrobial Polymeric Materials with Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium SaltsYan Xue; Huining Xiao; Yi Zhang · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2015
Review-level support for quaternary ammonium antimicrobial polymer concepts.
- Contact-active antimicrobial surfaces containing quaternary ammonium compoundsJoerg C. Tiller and co-workers · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2001
Classic example of covalently attached quaternary ammonium groups for contact-active surfaces.
- Process for preparing physically stable quaternary ammonium anion exchange resins by chloromethylation and aminationDow Chemical Company · US Patent US4207398A · 1980
Supports chloromethylated polymer amination as a route to quaternary ammonium anion-exchange resins.