乙醚
一种对称醚，其中的氧可作为氢键受体。
- 化学式
- C4H10O
- 摩尔质量
- 74.12 g/mol
- Also known as
- ethoxyethane, ether, Ethyl ether, Ethyl oxide, Pronarcol, Diethyl oxide
概览
It has no O–H bond, so pure ether molecules cannot donate hydrogen bonds to one another. This helps distinguish its boiling behaviour from that of alcohols. The oxygen lone pairs also let ethers act as Lewis bases toward suitable metal centres.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C4H10O
- 摩尔质量
- 74.12 g/mol
- Also known as
- ethoxyethane, ether, Ethyl ether, Ethyl oxide, Pronarcol, Diethyl oxide
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CCOCC
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C4H10O/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3
- PubChem CID
- 3283
性质
- 熔点
- -116.3 °C (stable crystals); -123.3 °C (metastable crystals)
- 沸点
- 34.6 °C at 760 mm Hg
- 密度
- Density (at 20 °C): 0.7 g/cm³
- 水中溶解度
- In water, 6.04X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C
Related compounds
- 醚
Diethyl ether is a specific member of the ethers family.
Connected reactions
- Intermolecular dehydration: Ethanol → Diethyl ether
质子化使一个乙醇分子的羟基成为更易离去的基团。另一个乙醇分子的氧取代水，随后去质子化生成乙醚；更强的脱水条件则有利于生成乙烯。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Diethyl ether (CID 3283)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Names and properties of ethersJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023
Supports the qualitative structure and reactivity context; identity and numerical measurements retain their original references.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Diethyl ether — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3283#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 677
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Diethyl ether — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3283#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 677
- ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): Diethyl ether — densityILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3283#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Diethyl ether — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3283#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger, Sakano T.K. Techniques of Chemistry 4th ed., Volume II. Organic Solvents. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons., 1985., p. 411