甲醇
甲醇（CH4O）的分子结构、物理性质与来源记录。摩尔质量 32.042 g/mol。查看化学标识、相关反应和材料用途。
- 化学式
- CH4O
- 官能团
- 醇
- 摩尔质量
- 32.042 g/mol
- Also known as
- methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, Methylol, Wood naphtha, Methyl hydroxide, Monohydroxymethane
Identifiers
- 化学式
- CH4O
- 官能团
- 醇
- 摩尔质量
- 32.042 g/mol
- Also known as
- methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, Methylol, Wood naphtha, Methyl hydroxide, Monohydroxymethane
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CO
- InChI
- InChI=1S/CH4O/c1-2/h2H,1H3
- PubChem CID
- 887
性质
- 熔点
- -97.8 °C
- 沸点
- 64.7 °C at 760 mm Hg
- 相对密度（水 = 1）
- Relative density (water = 1): 0.79
- 水中溶解度
- Miscible with water at 25 °C
Diagnostic tests
与乙醇的碘仿反应对比
- 试剂
- 碱性水溶液中的碘
- 条件
- 在相同条件下进行小规模对比，以乙醇为阳性对照。
- Positive observation
- 黄色沉淀提示存在具有碘仿生成所需结构的成分。
- Negative observation
- 甲醇不产生黄色碘仿沉淀。
- Interpretation
- 甲醇不具有使乙醇呈阳性的碳骨架排列。
- 适用范围
- 预期甲醇呈阴性。
- 来源说明
- 列出各候选物质在此试验中的阴性响应。
- 证据
- reference experiment
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Catalytic oxidation: Methanol → Methanal
从甲醇移去氢可形成羰基，同时保留其唯一的碳。在该催化氧化总反应中，氧接受被移去的氢，形成水。
- Carbonyl reduction: Methanal → Methanol
氢负离子加成形成新的 C-H 键，并使 C=O 的 π 键转化为醇盐结构。随后质子化生成甲醇，不引入额外碳原子。
- Esterification: Methanol → Methyl acetate
甲醇进攻被酸活化的羰基；经质子转移和脱水，形成乙酸甲酯。连接甲基的酯氧来自醇。
- Acid hydrolysis: Methyl acetate → Methanol
水加成到质子化的酯羰基上。质子转移后，甲醇可在羰基重新形成时离去，同时生成酸和醇。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Methanol (CID 887)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Methanol — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/887#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1106
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Methanol — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/887#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 1106
- ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): Methanol — densityILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/887#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Methanol — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/887#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger, Sakano T.K. Techniques of Chemistry 4th ed., Volume II. Organic Solvents. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons., 1985., p. V2: 190
- A test to distinguish between ethanol and methanolRoyal Society of Chemistry · RSC Education
Source-supported qualitative reference observations.