2-甲基-2-丙醇

一种叔醇，可与伯醇、仲醇的氧化反应进行对比。

化学式
C4H10O
官能团
叔醇
摩尔质量
74.12 g/mol
Also known as
tert-Butanol, tert-Butyl alcohol, 2-Methyl-2-propanol, t-Butanol, T-BUTYL ALCOHOL, 1,1-Dimethylethanol

概览

The hydroxyl-bearing carbon is attached to three methyl groups and has no hydrogen. It therefore does not undergo the usual alcohol-to-carbonyl oxidation under the usual mild oxidation conditions. This restriction concerns that pathway; it does not mean the molecule is inert to every oxidising condition.

Identifiers

化学式
C4H10O
官能团
叔醇
摩尔质量
74.12 g/mol
Also known as
tert-Butanol, tert-Butyl alcohol, 2-Methyl-2-propanol, t-Butanol, T-BUTYL ALCOHOL, 1,1-Dimethylethanol
化学标识符
SMILES
CC(C)(C)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C4H10O/c1-4(2,3)5/h5H,1-3H3
PubChem CID
6386

性质

熔点
25.81 °C
沸点
82.3 °C
密度
0.7886 g/cu cm at 20 °C
水中溶解度
Miscible with water

Diagnostic tests

醇的氧化对比

试剂
酸化的重铬酸钾
条件
取等量试样，与 2-丙醇在温和加热条件下进行对比。
Positive observation
若出现铬(III)的绿色，说明含有可被氧化的成分。
Negative observation
叔醇对照中的试剂仍保持橙色。
Interpretation
连接羟基的碳上没有普通醇氧化为羰基化合物所需的氢。
适用范围
在这些条件下，预期 2-甲基-2-丙醇呈阴性。
来源说明
本次试验观察到颜色不变。
证据
reference experiment

Related compounds

参考文献

  1. PubChem Compound Summary: 2-Methylpropan-2-ol (CID 6386)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  2. OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Oxidation of alcoholsJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023

    Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.

  3. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): 2-Methylpropan-2-ol — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

    Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6386#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-392

  4. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): 2-Methylpropan-2-ol — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

    Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6386#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-392

  5. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): 2-Methylpropan-2-ol — densityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

    Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6386#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-392

  6. ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): 2-Methylpropan-2-ol — solubilityILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

    Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6386#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred.

  7. Alcohol detective: reference notesRoyal Society of Chemistry · RSC Education

    Source-supported qualitative reference observations.