酰胺

概览

Carboxylic acid derivatives containing C(O)-NH2.

Amides contain nitrogen directly attached to an acyl carbon. Lone-pair delocalisation gives the C-N bond partial double-bond character and makes amides less reactive than acyl chlorides. Peptide bonds and nylon linkages are amides, but molecular context determines their properties.

Identifiers

官能团

CONH2

Also known as

amide

性质

酰胺或胺

酰胺氮的碱性远弱于典型脂肪胺。

水解的适用边界

酰胺水解通常比酯水解需要更强的条件；酶可提供特定的生物催化途径。

Related compounds

• 己内酰胺

  制造尼龙 6 的环状起始分子。

• 乙酰胺

  乙酰胺，是最简单的两碳酰胺键示例。

• 甲酰胺

  甲酰胺是一种有机化合物，分子式为 CH3NO。

• 苯甲酰胺

  一种芳香族伯酰胺，NH2 基团与羰基碳相连。

• 丙酰胺

  羰基与乙基相连的伯酰胺。

• 丁酰胺

  丁酸对应的直链四碳伯酰胺。

Connected reactions

• Acylation: Acyl chlorides → Amides

  氨发生酰化，将酰氯转化为酰胺。

• Anhydride ammonolysis: Acid anhydrides → Amides

  氨进攻酸酐羰基，形成四面体中间体。羧酸根离去及质子转移后生成酰胺；过量氨还会使伴生的羧酸转化为羧酸铵。

参考文献

1. Organic Chemistry: Chemistry of AmidesJohn McMurry · OpenStax Organic Chemistry · 2023

   Supports functional-group chemistry used to curate the linked examples. Checked 2026-09-16; named examples are applications of textbook scope, without claimed experimental yields.

2. Polyamides: nylon 6 and nylon 6,6Chemical Industry Education Centre, University of York
3. PubChem Compound Summary: Acetamide (CID 178)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

   Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

4. PubChem Compound Summary: Formamide (CID 713)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

   Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

5. PubChem Compound Summary: Benzamide (CID 2331)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

   Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

6. PubChem Compound Summary: Propanamide (CID 6578)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

   Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.

7. PubChem Compound Summary: Butanamide (CID 10927)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

   Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.