酰化
酰氯 → 酰胺：查看反应物、产物、反应条件与来源依据，探索相关转化和合成路径。
- 试剂
- 浓氨水
- 条件
- 室温
- 反应类别
- 酰化
- 方程式
- R-COCl + 2NH3 -> R-CONH2 + NH4Cl
概览
氨发生酰化，将酰氯转化为酰胺。
转化
- 方程式
- R-COCl + 2NH3 -> R-CONH2 + NH4Cl
- 试剂
- 浓氨水
- 反应环境
- 室温
- 反应类别
- 酰化
- 机理
- 亲核酰基取代
- Evidence level
- 教材核心内容
底物范围
- 适用范围
- Acyl chlorides react with ammonia to form primary amides.
- 来源说明
- This route records ammonia acylation of acyl chlorides; hydrogen chloride is trapped by excess ammonia to give ammonium chloride.
相关反应
- Chlorination: Carboxylic acids → Acyl chlorides
PCl5 将羧酸转化为酰氯。
- Chlorination with thionyl chloride: Carboxylic acids → Acyl chlorides
氯化亚砜将羧酸转化为酰氯，同时生成二氧化硫和氯化氢。
- Hydrolysis: Acyl chlorides → Carboxylic acids
水使酰氯水解为羧酸，同时释放氯化氢。
- Acylation: Acyl chlorides → Esters
醇发生酰化，将酰氯转化为酯。
- Acylation: Acyl chlorides → N-substituted amides
胺发生酰化，将酰氯转化为 N-取代酰胺。
- Anhydride ammonolysis: Acid anhydrides → Amides
氨进攻酸酐羰基，形成四面体中间体。羧酸根离去及质子转移后生成酰胺；过量氨还会使伴生的羧酸转化为羧酸铵。
参考文献
- Organic Chemistry: Chemistry of Acid HalidesJohn McMurry · OpenStax Organic Chemistry · 2023
Supports acid-halide preparation with thionyl chloride and nucleophilic acyl substitution chemistry, including tetrahedral intermediates, hydrolysis, alcoholysis and amine acylation at acid chlorides.