乙酰胺
乙酰胺，是最简单的两碳酰胺键示例。
- 化学式
- C2H5NO
- 官能团
- 酰胺
- 摩尔质量
- 59.07 g/mol
- Also known as
- Ethanamide, Acetic acid amide, Methanecarboxamide, Acetimidic acid, Ethanimidic acid, Amid kyseliny octove
概览
Nitrogen is attached directly to a carbonyl carbon. Delocalisation of its lone pair reduces its basicity relative to ethylamine and influences the bond geometry. Hydrolysis breaks the acyl–nitrogen linkage under suitable acidic or alkaline conditions, connecting amides with carboxylic-acid chemistry.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C2H5NO
- 官能团
- 酰胺
- 摩尔质量
- 59.07 g/mol
- Also known as
- Ethanamide, Acetic acid amide, Methanecarboxamide, Acetimidic acid, Ethanimidic acid, Amid kyseliny octove
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CC(=O)N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C2H5NO/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H2,3,4)
- PubChem CID
- 178
性质
- 熔点
- 81.16 °C
- 沸点
- 222 °C at 760 mm Hg
- 密度
- 1.16 g/cm³
- 水中溶解度
- In water, 7.05X10+5 mg/L at 24.5 °C
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Amide formation: Acetyl chloride → Acetamide
氨进攻羰基碳，四面体中间体消除时氯离去。去质子化生成乙酰胺，另一当量的氨中和酸，形成氯化铵。
- Amide hydrolysis: Acetamide → Ethanoic acid
酸活化酰胺羰基，使水可加成。质子转移使含氮基团更易离去，随后 C-N 键断裂；酰基片段成为乙酸，氮最终成为铵离子。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Acetamide (CID 178)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Chemistry of amidesJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023
Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.
- OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Basicity of aminesJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023
Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Acetamide — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/178#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-4
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Acetamide — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/178#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 9
- ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): Acetamide — densityILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/178#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Acetamide — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/178#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Yalkowsky, S.H., He, Yan, Jain, P. Handbook of Aqueous Solubility Data Second Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2010, p. 35