氨基酸
氨基酸缩合可形成肽键；肽和蛋白质水解后可得到氨基酸。
- 官能团
- NH2 and COOH
概览
Bifunctional molecules containing amino and carboxyl groups.
Amino acids contain amino and carboxyl functionality. Many exist mainly as zwitterions in water, with oppositely charged groups in one molecule. Their net charge depends on pH and ionisable side chains. Joining amino acids creates peptide bonds with a sequence and direction, not an interchangeable mixture of residues.
Identifiers
- 官能团
- NH2 and COOH
化学标识符
- SMILES
- NCC(=O)O
性质
- 两性离子
- 一个物种可以同时含有正、负形式电荷，而净电荷为零。
- 立体化学
- 甘氨酸没有手性 α-碳；多数常见的蛋白质氨基酸有手性 α-碳，而脯氨酸具有仲氨基。
- 序列的适用边界
- 混合未保护的氨基酸，不能指定得到一种纯净的肽序列。
Related compounds
- 甘氨酸
最简单的 α-氨基酸，也是常见蛋白质氨基酸中不具手性的特例。
- L-丙氨酸
一种手性 α-氨基酸，侧链为甲基。
- L-缬氨酸
L-缬氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C5H11NO2。
- L-亮氨酸
L-亮氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C6H13NO2。
- L-异亮氨酸
L-异亮氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C6H13NO2。
- L-丝氨酸
L-丝氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C3H7NO3。
- L-苏氨酸
L-苏氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C4H9NO3。
- L-半胱氨酸
一种含硫氨基酸，侧链带有巯基。
- L-甲硫氨酸
L-甲硫氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C5H11NO2S。
- L-天冬氨酸
L-天冬氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C4H7NO4。
- L-谷氨酸
L-谷氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C5H9NO4。
- L-天冬酰胺
L-天冬酰胺是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C4H8N2O3。
- L-谷氨酰胺
L-谷氨酰胺是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C5H10N2O3。
- L-赖氨酸
一种氨基酸，侧链上还有一个具碱性的氨基。
- L-精氨酸
L-精氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C6H14N4O2。
- L-组氨酸
L-组氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C6H9N3O2。
- L-苯丙氨酸
L-苯丙氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C9H11NO2。
- L-酪氨酸
L-酪氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C9H11NO3。
- L-色氨酸
L-色氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C11H12N2O2。
- L-脯氨酸
L-脯氨酸是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C5H9NO2。
Connected reactions
- Peptide formation: Amino acids → Peptides and proteins
Controlled amino-acid coupling forms peptide bonds; the displayed equation is a net relationship rather than a complete experimental procedure.
- Peptide hydrolysis: Peptides and proteins → Amino acids
肽键可通过与盐酸水溶液长时间加热而水解；若需游离氨基酸，还须进行后处理。
参考文献
- Organic Chemistry: Structures of Amino AcidsJohn McMurry · OpenStax Organic Chemistry · 2023
Supports functional-group chemistry used to curate the linked examples. Checked 2026-09-16; named examples are applications of textbook scope, without claimed experimental yields.
- Organic Chemistry: Peptide SynthesisJohn McMurry · OpenStax Organic Chemistry · 2023
Supports controlled peptide synthesis using amino-acid protection strategies and carbodiimide coupling reagents rather than treating direct amino-acid dehydration as a complete laboratory method.
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