2-丙醇
一种仲醇，可氧化为丙酮。
- 化学式
- C3H8O
- 官能团
- Secondary alcohols; Methyl secondary alcohols
- 摩尔质量
- 60.1 g/mol
- Also known as
- Isopropyl alcohol, isopropanol, 2-Propanol, 2-Hydroxypropane, Dimethylcarbinol, sec-Propyl alcohol
概览
Propan-1-ol oxidises to an aldehyde; propan-2-ol oxidises to a ketone. Moving OH changes its local bonding environment.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C3H8O
- 官能团
- Secondary alcohols; Methyl secondary alcohols
- 摩尔质量
- 60.1 g/mol
- Also known as
- Isopropyl alcohol, isopropanol, 2-Propanol, 2-Hydroxypropane, Dimethylcarbinol, sec-Propyl alcohol
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CC(C)O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C3H8O/c1-3(2)4/h3-4H,1-2H3
- PubChem CID
- 3776
性质
- 熔点
- -87.9 °C
- 沸点
- 82.3 °C at 760 mm Hg
- 相对密度（水 = 1）
- Relative density (water = 1): 0.79
- 水中溶解度
- In water, infinitely soluble at 25 °C
Diagnostic tests
碘仿结构基团试验
- 试剂
- 碱性水溶液中的碘
- 条件
- 采用参考资料中的小规模醇类对比方法。
- Positive observation
- 生成淡黄色碘仿沉淀。
- Negative observation
- 选用合适的不反应醇类对照时，不生成黄色沉淀。
- Interpretation
- 先氧化生成丙酮；丙酮含有所需的甲基酮基团。
- 适用范围
- 预期 2-丙醇呈阳性。
- 来源说明
- 乙醇及其他含适宜结构的甲基仲醇也会反应；阳性结果不具有唯一性。
- 证据
- reference experiment
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Oxidation: Propan-2-ol → Propanone
2-丙醇氧化为丙酮。
- Reduction: Propanone → Propan-2-ol
丙酮还原为 2-丙醇。
- Hydration: Propene → Propan-2-ol
丙烯通过水合生成 2-丙醇。
- Hydrolysis: 2-Bromopropane → Propan-2-ol
以碳氧键替代碳溴键，生成 2-丙醇。中间碳仍为仲碳，因此后续氧化可生成丙酮。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Propan-2-ol (CID 3776)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Oxidation of alcoholsJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023
Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propan-2-ol — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3776#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 2010-2011, p. 3-442
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propan-2-ol — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3776#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 91st ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 2010-2011, p. 3-442
- ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): Propan-2-ol — densityILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3776#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propan-2-ol — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3776#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger, Sakano T.K. Techniques of Chemistry 4th ed., Volume II. Organic Solvents. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons., 1985., p. 196
- A test to distinguish between ethanol and methanolRoyal Society of Chemistry · RSC Education
Source-supported qualitative reference observations.