仲醇
仲醇通过氧化与酮相连，也可由格氏试剂与醛加成后处理得到。
- 官能团
- R2CHOH
- Also known as
- 仲醇
概览
Alcohols where the carbon bearing OH is attached to two carbon groups.
A secondary alcohol has two carbon groups on its OH-bearing carbon and is oxidised to a ketone. A cyclic alcohol such as cyclohexanol follows the same local structural rule; belonging to a ring does not make it tertiary.
Identifiers
- 官能团
- R2CHOH
- Also known as
- 仲醇
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CC(C)O
性质
- 局部结构
- R-CH(OH)-R′；将转变为羰基碳的碳原子上仍有一个氢。
- 含甲基的子类
- CH3CH(OH)R 氧化后可呈碘仿试验阳性，但并非所有仲醇都适用。
Diagnostic tests
酸性重铬酸盐氧化试验
- 试剂
- 酸化的 K2Cr2O7 水溶液
- 条件
- 向样品中加入用稀硫酸酸化的重铬酸钾水溶液，在水浴中温和加热。
- Positive observation
- 橙色溶液变绿
- Negative observation
- 溶液仍呈橙色
- Interpretation
- 阳性结果与仲醇氧化为酮相符。
- 适用范围
- 仲醇可产生这种氧化颜色变化。
- 来源说明
- 仅凭此结果不能区分仲醇、伯醇或醛。
- 证据
- 教材核心内容
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Oxidation: Secondary alcohols → Ketones
仲醇氧化生成酮。
- Reduction: Ketones → Secondary alcohols
酮还原生成仲醇。
- Carbonyl addition: Grignard reagents → Secondary alcohols
格氏试剂与醛加成，经后处理得到仲醇。
- Grignard addition co reactant: Aldehydes → Secondary alcohols
醛与格氏试剂反应，经酸性后处理得到仲醇。
参考文献
- Organic Chemistry: Oxidation of AlcoholsJohn McMurry · OpenStax Organic Chemistry · 2023
Supports functional-group chemistry used to curate the linked examples. Checked 2026-09-16; named examples are applications of textbook scope, without claimed experimental yields.
- Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level Chemistry Practical GuidePearson Education Limited · Pearson qualifications · 2018
Official Pearson practical guidance for organic qualitative tests, including bromine water, acidified dichromate, silver nitrate, carbonyl reagents and the iodoform reaction.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Propan-2-ol (CID 3776)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Butan-2-ol (CID 6568)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Cyclohexanol (CID 7966)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: L-Malic acid (CID 222656)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 1-Phenylethanol (CID 7409)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Cyclopentanol (CID 7298)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.