丙酮
最简单的酮，可联系羰基加成与仲醇生成。
- 化学式
- C3H6O
- 官能团
- Ketones; Methyl ketones
- 摩尔质量
- 58.08 g/mol
- Also known as
- propan-2-one, acetone, 2-propanone, Dimethyl ketone, Pyroacetic ether, Methyl ketone
概览
Its carbonyl carbon is bonded to two methyl groups. Reduction converts the carbonyl into the secondary alcohol propan-2-ol without extending the carbon chain. The polar C=O bond explains nucleophilic attack at carbon; a carbonyl absorption alone does not uniquely identify propanone.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C3H6O
- 官能团
- Ketones; Methyl ketones
- 摩尔质量
- 58.08 g/mol
- Also known as
- propan-2-one, acetone, 2-propanone, Dimethyl ketone, Pyroacetic ether, Methyl ketone
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CC(=O)C
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-3(2)4/h1-2H3
- PubChem CID
- 180
性质
- 熔点
- -94.9 °C
- 沸点
- 56.08 °C
- 密度
- 0.7845 g/cu cm at 20 °C
- 水中溶解度
- Miscible with water
Diagnostic tests
布雷迪试剂羰基试验
- 试剂
- 配制好的 2,4-二硝基苯肼试剂
- 条件
- 按来源方法进行小规模对比，并留出沉淀形成的时间。
- Positive observation
- 出现黄色沉淀；丙酮的反应可能比乙醛慢。
- Negative observation
- 有效的试剂空白不产生沉淀。
- Interpretation
- 腙的形成支持存在能参与反应的醛基或酮羰基。
- 适用范围
- 预期丙酮呈阳性。
- 来源说明
- 仅凭颜色不能鉴别物质。使用配制好的试剂，不要干燥或储存试剂残留物。
- 证据
- reference experiment
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Oxidation: Propan-2-ol → Propanone
2-丙醇氧化为丙酮。
- Reduction: Propanone → Propan-2-ol
丙酮还原为 2-丙醇。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Propanone (CID 180)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Nucleophilic addition of hydride and Grignard reagents: alcohol formationJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023
Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propanone — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/180#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-4
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propanone — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/180#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-4
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propanone — densityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/180#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-4
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Propanone — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/180#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 13
- Brady’s test for aldehydes and ketonesRoyal Society of Chemistry · RSC Education
Source-supported qualitative reference observations.