酮

酮与氰根发生亲核加成生成羟基腈，构成另一条由羰基化合物出发的路线。

官能团
C=O
Also known as
alkanones, ketone, carbonyl compounds

概览

Carbonyl compounds with an internal C=O group.

A ketone has two carbon groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon. Reduction gives a secondary alcohol. Ordinary aldehyde oxidation tests usually leave simple ketones unchanged; this is a condition-dependent contrast, not a claim that ketones can never be oxidised.

Identifiers

官能团
C=O
Also known as
alkanones, ketone, carbonyl compounds
化学标识符
SMILES
CC(=O)C

性质

氧化的适用边界
强氧化条件可能断裂碳碳键，并非简单生成保留原碳骨架的羧酸。
碘仿反应的适用边界
只有甲基酮子类具有常规碘仿反应所需的 CH3CO- 结构。

Diagnostic tests

2,4-二硝基苯肼羰基试验

试剂
2,4-二硝基苯肼
条件
室温
Positive observation
橙色沉淀
Negative observation
无橙色沉淀
Interpretation
醛或酮与此试剂形成沉淀；酯、羧酸及酰胺的羰基反应性另行区分。
适用范围
醛和酮可形成 2,4-二硝基苯腙。
来源说明
醛与酮均可呈阳性，结合衍生物熔点或光谱比较。
证据
教材核心内容

Related compounds

  • 丙酮

    最简单的酮，可联系羰基加成与仲醇生成。

  • 2-丁酮

    一种不对称酮，还原后形成一个立体中心。

  • 2-戊酮

    2-戊酮是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C5H10O。

  • 3-戊酮

    一种对称酮，可用于比较结构与还原产物。

  • 环戊酮

    一种五元环酮，羰基碳两侧的环路径等价。

  • 环己酮

    一种环酮，可还原为环己醇。

  • 苯乙酮

    一种芳香族甲基酮，羰基两侧连接不同的基团。

  • 二苯甲酮

    一种二芳基酮，羰基连接两个相同的苯基。

  • 4-甲基-2-戊酮

    4-甲基-2-戊酮是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C6H12O。

Connected reactions

参考文献

  1. Organic Chemistry: Oxidation of Aldehydes and KetonesJohn McMurry · OpenStax Organic Chemistry · 2023

    Supports functional-group chemistry used to curate the linked examples. Checked 2026-09-16; named examples are applications of textbook scope, without claimed experimental yields.

  2. Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level Chemistry Practical GuidePearson Education Limited · Pearson qualifications · 2018

    Official Pearson practical guidance for organic qualitative tests, including bromine water, acidified dichromate, silver nitrate, carbonyl reagents and the iodoform reaction.

  3. Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Chemistry specificationPearson Education Limited · Pearson qualifications · 2024

    Supports the textbook-core organic reaction routes used for displayed route and mechanism content.

  4. PubChem Compound Summary: Propanone (CID 180)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  5. PubChem Compound Summary: Butan-2-one (CID 6569)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  6. PubChem Compound Summary: Pentan-2-one (CID 7895)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  7. PubChem Compound Summary: Pentan-3-one (CID 7288)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  8. PubChem Compound Summary: Cyclopentanone (CID 8452)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  9. PubChem Compound Summary: Cyclohexanone (CID 7967)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  10. PubChem Compound Summary: Acetophenone (CID 7410)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  11. PubChem Compound Summary: Benzophenone (CID 3102)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

  12. PubChem Compound Summary: 4-Methylpentan-2-one (CID 7909)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

    Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.