腈水解

丙腈 → 丙酸:查看反应物、产物、反应条件与来源依据,探索相关转化和合成路径。

试剂
稀盐酸
条件
加热回流
反应类别
腈水解
方程式
CH3CH2CN + 2H2O + HCl -> CH3CH2COOH + NH4Cl

概览

在酸促进下,水加成使腈先转化为酰胺,再经水解得到酸。腈基碳成为羧基碳,氮则以铵离子形式离开有机骨架。

转化

丙腈 → 丙酸

方程式
CH3CH2CN + 2H2O + HCl -> CH3CH2COOH + NH4Cl
反应物
Propanenitrile + 2 Water + Hydrogen chloride
产物
Propanoic acid + Ammonium chloride
试剂
稀盐酸
反应环境
加热回流
反应类别
腈水解
机理
acid-catalysed nitrile and amide hydrolysis
Evidence level
source-backed molecular example

底物范围

适用范围
Complete acidic hydrolysis through an amide intermediate.
来源说明
Base hydrolysis would initially give propanoate; nitrogen finishes as ammonium in acid.

相关反应

参考文献

  1. Organic Chemistry: Chemistry of NitrilesJohn McMurry · OpenStax Organic Chemistry · 2023

    Supports nitrile reduction by two hydride additions to imine-anion and aluminium-stabilised dianion intermediates, followed by aqueous work-up to a primary amine; also documents nitrile hydrolysis through amide intermediates.