阿司匹林
乙酰水杨酸，同一分子中同时含有酯基和羧基。
- 化学式
- C9H8O4
- 摩尔质量
- 180.16 g/mol
- Also known as
- 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid, ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, 2-Acetoxybenzoic acid, 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid, Acylpyrin, O-Acetylsalicylic acid, o-Acetoxybenzoic acid
概览
Aspirin forms by acetylation of salicylic acid’s phenolic OH. Its carboxyl group gives acid–base behaviour, ester hydrolysis regenerates salicylic acid, and melting range or chromatography assesses purity.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C9H8O4
- 摩尔质量
- 180.16 g/mol
- Also known as
- 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid, ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, 2-Acetoxybenzoic acid, 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid, Acylpyrin, O-Acetylsalicylic acid, o-Acetoxybenzoic acid
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C9H8O4/c1-6(10)13-8-5-3-2-4-7(8)9(11)12/h2-5H,1H3,(H,11,12)
- PubChem CID
- 2244
性质
- 熔点
- 135 °C (rapid heating)
- 沸腾／分解
- 284 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)
- 密度
- 1.4 g/cm³
- 水中溶解度
- In water, 4,600 mg/L at 25 °C
Diagnostic tests
游离水杨酸杂质检验
- 试剂
- 参考检验方法中的铁(III)溶液
- 条件
- 使用新鲜样品溶液，并配以条件相同的水杨酸标准液。
- Positive observation
- 紫色提示受测样品中存在游离水杨酸盐。
- Negative observation
- 未检出水杨酸盐的新鲜阿司匹林不产生相应紫色。
- Interpretation
- 水杨酸盐的存在可能源于乙酰化不完全，或阿司匹林随后发生水解。
- 适用范围
- 这是阿司匹林的杂质检验，不是确认阿司匹林身份的阳性试验。
- 来源说明
- 目测结果与定量测定分开记录；定量使用校准与样品条件。
- 证据
- reference experiment
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- O acetylation: Salicylic acid → Aspirin
水杨酸的酚氧从乙酸酐获得乙酰基。酰基取代形成酯，同时保留独立的羧基；质子转移生成伴生产物乙酸。
- Acid hydrolysis: Aspirin → Salicylic acid
水进攻被酸活化的乙酰基羰基。酰基与氧的连接断裂并发生质子转移，恢复水杨酸的酚羟基；被移去的乙酰基形成乙酸。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Aspirin (CID 2244)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- The aspirin storyRoyal Society of Chemistry · RSC Education
Functional-group context for salicylic acid and aspirin; the catalog description is not clinical advice or a medicinal-product specification.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Aspirin — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2244#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 140
- CAMEO Chemicals: Aspirin — boiling pointCAMEO Chemicals
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2244#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
- ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs): Aspirin — densityILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2244#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Aspirin — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2244#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Yalkowsky SH, Dannenfelser RM; Aquasol Database of Aqueous Solubility. Version 5. College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona - Tucson, AZ (1992)
- Analysis of aspirin tablets on a microscaleRoyal Society of Chemistry · RSC Education
Source-supported qualitative reference observations.