酯
酯是可发生水解的羧酸衍生物；酯键两侧的基团决定水解产物。
- 官能团
- COO
- Also known as
- ester
概览
Carboxylic acid derivatives containing a C(O)-O-R group.
An ester joins an acyl group through oxygen to an organic group. Hydrolysis cleaves the ester linkage, returning an alcohol or phenol and an acid or carboxylate. Track both fragments: distinguish the acyl side from the group attached through oxygen.
Identifiers
- 官能团
- COO
- Also known as
- ester
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CC(=O)OCC
性质
- 水解对比
- 酸催化水解是可逆反应；碱性水解生成羧酸盐并消耗氢氧根。
- 与聚合物的联系
- 聚酯中重复的酯键连接二醇与二羧酸单元；单个酯分子本身不是聚合物。
Related compounds
- 甲基丙烯酸甲酯
一种不饱和酯，可聚合形成 PMMA。
- 对苯二甲酸二甲酯
可与乙二醇共同用于制造 PET 的另一种原料。
- 醋酸乙烯酯
与乙烯共同制造 EVA 的含乙酸酯基共聚单体。
- 丙交酯
所选 PLA 路线中的环状单体。
- 乙酸甲酯
乙酸甲酯，两个甲基所处的化学环境不同。
- 乙酸乙酯
乙酸乙酯，一种连接醇与羧酸化学的简单酯。
- 乙酸丙酯
乙酸丙酯是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C5H10O2。
- 乙酸丁酯
乙酸丁酯是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C6H12O2。
- 乙酸异戊酯
乙酸异戊酯是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C7H14O2。
- 丁酸乙酯
丁酸乙酯是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C6H12O2。
- 苯甲酸甲酯
苯甲酸甲酯是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C8H8O2。
- 苯甲酸乙酯
苯甲酰基与乙氧基相连形成的酯。
- 阿司匹林
乙酰水杨酸，同一分子中同时含有酯基和羧基。
- 苯佐卡因
苯佐卡因是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C9H11NO2。
- 水杨酸甲酯
一种芳香酯，同时保留独立的酚羟基。
- 甲酸甲酯
最简单的甲酯，由甲酰基与甲氧基连接而成。
- 甲酸乙酯
酯氧上连接乙基的甲酸酯。
- 丙酸甲酯
含丙酰基片段，且酯氧连接甲基的酯。
- 丙酸乙酯
由丙酸和乙醇的碳骨架组成的酯。
- 乙酸苯酯
苯基通过氧与乙酰基相连的芳基酯。
Connected reactions
- Esterification: Carboxylic acids → Esters
羧酸与醇反应形成酯。
- Esterification co reactant: Alcohols → Esters
醇与羧酸结合形成酯。
- Hydrolysis: Esters → Carboxylic acids
酯经水解重新生成羧酸产物。
- Hydrolysis co product: Esters → Alcohols
酯水解也会重新生成相应的醇。
- Acylation: Acyl chlorides → Esters
醇发生酰化，将酰氯转化为酯。
- Anhydride alcoholysis: Acid anhydrides → Esters
醇氧进攻酸酐羰基，四面体中间体随后排出羧酸根。质子转移生成酯和羧酸；其中一个酰基片段转移到醇上。
参考文献
- Organic Chemistry: Chemistry of EstersJohn McMurry · OpenStax Organic Chemistry · 2023
Distinguishes reversible acid-catalysed ester hydrolysis from alkaline saponification, which gives a carboxylate ion until a separate acidification step.
- Manufacturing acrylic glass from MMAPLEXIGLAS / POLYVANTIS
- Polyesters: manufacture and usesChemical Industry Education Centre, University of York
- Vinyl acetate monomerCelanese
- Lactides: cyclic diesters of lactic acidNatureWorks
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