溴代烷
溴代烷可用于取代、消去及格氏试剂制备路线。
- 官能团
- C-Br
- Also known as
- alkyl bromides, alkyl bromide, bromoalkane, organic bromide, haloalkane
概览
Alkyl bromides with a C-Br bond.
Bromoalkanes are tracked as a reference-scheme haloalkane branch with preparation routes from alcohols or alkenes and downstream substitution, elimination and organomagnesium formation routes.
Identifiers
- 官能团
- C-Br
- Also known as
- alkyl bromides, alkyl bromide, bromoalkane, organic bromide, haloalkane
性质
- 反应位点
- C-Br
- 路径的适用边界
- 制备与后续反应分支
Diagnostic tests
硝酸银水解试验
- 试剂
- 硝酸银水溶液与乙醇的混合液
- 条件
- 在水浴中温热
- Positive observation
- 生成淡黄色的 AgBr 沉淀
- Negative observation
- 不生成卤化银沉淀
- Interpretation
- 沉淀颜色表明存在溴离子；结构相近时，溴代烷水解比氯代烷快、比碘代烷慢。
- 适用范围
- 用于对比氯代烷、溴代烷和碘代烷的试验。
- 来源说明
- 应在相同溶剂和温度下，比较结构相近的化合物。样品中原有的卤化物盐也能与银离子形成沉淀；卤代芳烃和卤代烯烃不遵循普通卤代烷的水解规律。
- 证据
- 教材核心内容
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Bromination: Alcohols → Bromoalkanes
在溴化物和酸的作用下，醇转化为溴代烷。
- Hydrobromination: Alkenes → Bromoalkanes
溴化氢在烯烃双键两端加成，可生成溴代烷。
- Cyanation: Bromoalkanes → Nitriles
氰根取代生成腈，使碳链增加一个碳原子。
- Amination: Bromoalkanes → Amines
氨取代溴，形成伯胺；过量氨可限制进一步烷基化。
- Hydrolysis: Bromoalkanes → Alcohols
氢氧根可取代 C-Br 中的溴，形成醇。
- Elimination: Bromoalkanes → Alkenes
碱促进的消去反应脱去 HBr，生成烯烃。
- Free radical bromination: Alkanes → Bromoalkanes
光化学溴化可将烷烃转化为溴代烷。
- Grignard formation: Bromoalkanes → Grignard reagents
溴代烷可在无水乙醚中与镁反应，形成格氏试剂。
参考文献
- Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Chemistry specificationPearson Education Limited · Pearson qualifications · 2024
Supports the textbook-core organic reaction routes used for displayed route and mechanism content.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Bromomethane (CID 6323)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Bromoethane (CID 6332)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 1-Bromopropane (CID 7840)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 2-Bromopropane (CID 6358)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 1,2-Dibromoethane (CID 7839)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 1,2-Dibromopropane (CID 6553)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 1-Bromobutane (CID 8002)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 2-Bromobutane (CID 6554)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane (CID 10485)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and selected English aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-16. Chinese search names are curated nomenclature translations. Unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.