溴乙烷

概览

The polar C–Br bond makes carbon electrophilic; nucleophilic substitution replaces the leaving group, with selectivity and yield dependent on nucleophile and solvent.

Identifiers

化学式

C2H5Br

官能团

溴代烷

摩尔质量

108.97 g/mol

Also known as

ETHYL BROMIDE, 1-Bromoethane, Ethane, bromo-, Bromic ether, Monobromoethane, Hydrobromic ether

性质

熔点

-118.4 °C

沸点

38.2 °C

密度

1.4604 g/cu cm at 20 °C

水中溶解度

In water, 9,000 mg/L at 25 °C

Related compounds

• 溴代烷

Connected reactions

• Hydrolysis: Bromoethane → Ethanol

  氢氧根进攻与溴相连的饱和碳，同时 C-Br 键断裂。该伯底物的 SN2 路线以 OH 取代溴，并保留两个碳原子；水溶液条件较有利于这一取代分支，而非消去。

• Elimination: Bromoethane → Ethene

  碱移去与溴相邻的碳上的氢。溴离去时，C-H 键电子形成 C=C 的 π 键；该消去过程脱去 H 和 Br，而不改变两碳骨架。

• Cyanide substitution: Bromoethane → Propanenitrile

  氰根的碳端进攻溴乙烷的伯碳，溴离去。新形成的 C-C 键使氰根中的碳接到原碳链上，得到三碳腈，而不是乙腈。

• Ammonia substitution: Bromoethane → Ethylamine

  氨进攻与溴相连的碳，生成烷基铵中间体。另一分子氨移去质子，释放乙胺；若仍有卤代烷，产物还可进一步烷基化。

参考文献

1. PubChem Compound Summary: Bromoethane (CID 6332)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem

   Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.

2. OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Characteristics of the SN2 reactionJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023

   Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.

3. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Bromoethane — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

   Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6332#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Rumble J. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 99th ed. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 2018., p. 3-8

4. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Bromoethane — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

   Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6332#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Rumble J. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 99th ed. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 2018., p. 3-8

5. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Bromoethane — densityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

   Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6332#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Rumble J. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 99th ed. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 2018., p. 3-8

6. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Bromoethane — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

   Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6332#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Horvath AL; Halogenated Hydrocarbons. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker p. 610 (1999)