乙酸
一种弱羧酸，可联系中和、缓冲溶液与酯化反应。
- 化学式
- C2H4O2
- 官能团
- 羧酸
- 摩尔质量
- 60.05 g/mol
- Also known as
- acetic acid, Ethylic acid, Vinegar acid, Acetic acid glacial, Glacial acetic acid, Acetic acid, glacial
概览
Its acidic proton belongs to the carboxyl OH group. Deprotonation produces ethanoate, whose negative charge is delocalised over two oxygen atoms. Weak acid means partial ionisation in water; it does not describe whether an acid solution is concentrated or dilute.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C2H4O2
- 官能团
- 羧酸
- 摩尔质量
- 60.05 g/mol
- Also known as
- acetic acid, Ethylic acid, Vinegar acid, Acetic acid glacial, Glacial acetic acid, Acetic acid, glacial
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CC(=O)O
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)
- PubChem CID
- 176
性质
- 熔点
- 16.635 °C
- 沸点
- 117.9 °C
- 密度
- 1.0446 g/cu cm at 25 °C
- 水中溶解度
- Miscible with water
Related compounds
Connected reactions
- Oxidation: Ethanol → Ethanoic acid
乙醇氧化为乙酸。
- Oxidation: Ethanal → Ethanoic acid
乙醛氧化为乙酸。
- Esterification: Ethanoic acid → Ethyl acetate
乙酸与乙醇可逆反应，形成乙酸乙酯和水。
- Acid hydrolysis: Ethyl acetate → Ethanoic acid
乙酸乙酯与水可逆反应，形成乙酸和乙醇。
- Amide hydrolysis: Acetamide → Ethanoic acid
酸活化酰胺羰基，使水可加成。质子转移使含氮基团更易离去，随后 C-N 键断裂；酰基片段成为乙酸，氮最终成为铵离子。
- Acid hydrolysis: Methyl acetate → Ethanoic acid
水加成到质子化的酯羰基上。质子转移后，甲醇可在羰基重新形成时离去，同时生成酸和醇。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Ethanoic acid (CID 176)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- OpenStax Organic Chemistry: Structure and properties of carboxylic acidsJohn McMurry · OpenStax · 2023
Supports the qualitative structural interpretation of the recorded molecular structure; no new physical measurement or verified preparative yield is claimed.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Ethanoic acid — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/176#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Wagner FS; Acetic Acid. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. (1999-2014). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: Apr 29, 2014.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Ethanoic acid — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/176#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-4
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Ethanoic acid — densityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/176#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-4
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Ethanoic acid — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/176#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 94th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2013-2014, p. 3-4