烷烃
在脂肪族路径中，烷烃可经光化学卤化制备卤代烷，也可由烯烃氢化得到。
- 化学式
- C_nH_{2n+2}
- 官能团
- C-C / C-H
- Also known as
- alkane, saturated hydrocarbon
概览
Saturated hydrocarbons that can be cracked, halogenated, or hydrogenation products.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C_nH_{2n+2}
- 官能团
- C-C / C-H
- Also known as
- alkane, saturated hydrocarbon
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CC
Related compounds
- 甲烷
最小的烷烃，含四个等价的碳氢键。
- 乙烷
含两个碳原子的烷烃，单键旋转可产生不同构象。
- 丙烷
一种三碳烷烃，两端为甲基，中间为亚甲基。
- 丁烷
一种直链烷烃，具有不同的反式交叉与邻位交叉构象。
- 戊烷
戊烷是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C5H12。
- 己烷
一种无支链的六碳烷烃，具有柔性的饱和碳骨架。
- 庚烷
庚烷是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C7H16。
- 辛烷
辛烷是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C8H18。
- 壬烷
壬烷是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C9H20。
- 癸烷
癸烷是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C10H22。
- 十二烷
十二烷是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C12H26。
- 十六烷
十六烷是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C16H34。
- 2-甲基丙烷
丁烷的支链构造异构体。
- 2-甲基丁烷
含五个碳原子的支链烷烃，又称异戊烷。
- 2,2-二甲基丙烷
高度对称的五碳烷烃，又称新戊烷。
- 2,2,4-三甲基戊烷
2,2,4-三甲基戊烷是一种有机化合物，分子式为 C8H18。
Connected reactions
- Free radical chlorination: Alkanes → Chloroalkanes
光化学氯化可将烷烃转化为氯代烷。
- Free radical bromination: Alkanes → Bromoalkanes
光化学溴化可将烷烃转化为溴代烷。
- Cracking: Alkanes → Alkenes
热裂解或催化裂解将长链烷烃转化为较短的分子，其中包括烯烃。
- Hydrogenation: Alkenes → Alkanes
氢化将烯烃还原为烷烃。
- Complete combustion: Alkanes → Carbon dioxide
烷烃在过量氧气中完全燃烧，生成二氧化碳和水。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary: Methane (CID 297)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Ethane (CID 6324)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Propane (CID 6334)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Butane (CID 7843)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Pentane (CID 8003)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Hexane (CID 8058)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Heptane (CID 8900)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Octane (CID 356)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Nonane (CID 8141)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Decane (CID 15600)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Dodecane (CID 8182)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: Hexadecane (CID 11006)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 2-Methylpropane (CID 6360)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 2-Methylbutane (CID 6556)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 2,2-Dimethylpropane (CID 10041)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.
- PubChem Compound Summary: 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (CID 10907)National Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem
Identity, molecular formula, molecular weight and aliases retrieved via PUG REST on 2026-09-08.