乙醇
乙醇是具体的醇类分子；在碱性碘溶液中发生氧化和断裂，生成三碘甲烷与甲酸盐。
- 化学式
- C2H6O
- 官能团
- CH3CH2OH
- 摩尔质量
- 46.07 g/mol
- Also known as
- ethyl alcohol, CH3CH2OH, C2H5OH
概览
Two-carbon primary alcohol that gives the iodoform reaction.
Identifiers
- 化学式
- C2H6O
- 官能团
- CH3CH2OH
- 摩尔质量
- 46.07 g/mol
- Also known as
- ethyl alcohol, CH3CH2OH, C2H5OH
化学标识符
- SMILES
- CCO
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
- PubChem CID
- 702
性质
- 熔点
- -114.14 °C
- 沸点
- 78.24 °C
- 密度
- 0.7893 g/cu cm at 20 °C
- 水中溶解度
- Miscible with water at 25 °C
Diagnostic tests
碘仿试验
- 试剂
- 碱性碘溶液
- 条件
- 先加入碘，再加入碱的水溶液，随后在水浴中温和加热。
- Positive observation
- 生成淡黄色三碘甲烷沉淀
- Negative observation
- 不生成淡黄色沉淀
- Interpretation
- 阳性结果与乙醇相符；在此试验条件下，乙醇先被氧化为乙醛。
- 适用范围
- 乙醇是能够发生碘仿反应的伯醇特例。
- 来源说明
- 并非乙醇特有：乙醛、甲基酮和含 CH3CH(OH)- 结构的仲醇也会呈阳性。
- 证据
- 教材核心内容
Related compounds
- 醇
Ethanol is a molecule-level primary alcohol within the alcohol family.
Connected reactions
- Iodoform reaction: Ethanol → Triiodomethane 个产物
乙醇被碱性碘溶液氧化并断裂，生成三碘甲烷和甲酸盐。
- Partial oxidation: Ethanol → Ethanal
乙醇氧化为乙醛。
- Oxidation: Ethanol → Ethanoic acid
乙醇氧化为乙酸。
- Reduction: Ethanal → Ethanol
乙醛还原为乙醇。
- Esterification: Ethanol → Ethyl acetate
乙酸与乙醇可逆反应，形成乙酸乙酯和水。
- Acid hydrolysis: Ethyl acetate → Ethanol
乙酸乙酯与水可逆反应，形成乙酸和乙醇。
- Hydration: Ethene → Ethanol
乙烯通过水合生成乙醇。
- Dehydration: Ethanol → Ethene
乙醇通过脱水生成乙烯。
- Intermolecular dehydration: Ethanol → Diethyl ether
质子化使一个乙醇分子的羟基成为更易离去的基团。另一个乙醇分子的氧取代水，随后去质子化生成乙醚；更强的脱水条件则有利于生成乙烯。
- Hydrolysis: Bromoethane → Ethanol
氢氧根进攻与溴相连的饱和碳，同时 C-Br 键断裂。该伯底物的 SN2 路线以 OH 取代溴，并保留两个碳原子；水溶液条件较有利于这一取代分支，而非消去。
- Acid hydrolysis: Ethyl butyrate → Ethanol
水进攻与质子转移，使乙氧基片段以乙醇形式离去。另一部分重新形成羰基，生成丁酸。
参考文献
- PubChem Compound Summary for EthanolNational Center for Biotechnology Information · PubChem · 2026
Used for stable identifiers and basic compound metadata.
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Ethanol — melting pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702#section=Melting-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-246
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Ethanol — boiling pointHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702#section=Boiling-Point. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-246
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Ethanol — densityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702#section=Density. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-246
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): Ethanol — solubilityHazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Retrieved through PubChem PUG View on 2026-09-08. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/702#section=Solubility. Source value, complete property clause or compact miscibility statement retained; absent pressure, temperature or phase conditions are not inferred. Original reference: Riddick, J.A., W.B. Bunger, Sakano T.K. Techniques of Chemistry 4th ed., Volume II. Organic Solvents. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons., 1985., p. 192
- Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level Chemistry Practical GuidePearson Education Limited · Pearson qualifications · 2018
Official Pearson practical guidance for organic qualitative tests, including bromine water, acidified dichromate, silver nitrate, carbonyl reagents and the iodoform reaction.